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Friedlieb (or Friedlob, occasionally misnamed as "Friedrich") Ferdinand Runge (born near Hamburg on 8 February 1795, died in Oranienburg on 25 March 1867) was a German analytical chemist. Runge conducted chemical experiments from a young age, serendipitously identifying the mydriatic effects of belladonna (deadly nightshade) extract. In 1819, he demonstrated his finding to Goethe, who encouraged him to analyse coffee.〔In 1819, Runge was invited to show Goethe how belladonna caused dilation of the pupil, which Runge did, using a cat as an experimental subject. Goethe was so impressed with the demonstration that: "Nachdem Goethe mir seine größte Zufriedenheit sowol über die Erzählung des durch scheinbaren schwarzen Staar Geretteten, wie auch über das andere ausgesprochen, übergab er mir noch eine Schachtel mit Kaffeebohnen, die ein Grieche ihm als etwas Vorzügliches gesandt. "Auch diese können sie zu Ihren Untersuchungen brauchen," sagte Goethe. Er hattte recht; denn bald darauf entdeckte ich darin das, wegen seines großen Stickstoffgehaltes so berühmt gewordene Coffein." (After Goethe had expressed to me his greatest satisfaction regarding the account of the man (I'd ) rescued (serving in Napoleon's army ) by apparent "black star" (amaurosis, blindness ) as well as the other, he handed me a carton of coffee beans, which a Greek had sent him as a delicacy. "You can also use these in your investigations," said Goethe. He was right; for soon thereafter I discovered therein caffeine, which became so famous on account of its high nitrogen content.) This account appeared in Runge's book ''Hauswirtschaftlichen Briefen'' (Domestic Letters (personal correspondence )) of 1866. It was reprinted in: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe with F.W. von Biedermann, ed., ''Goethes Gespräche'', vol. 10: ''Nachträge, 1755–1832'' (Leipzig, (Germany): F.W. v. Biedermann, 1896), pages 89–96; see especially (page 95 ).〕 A few months later, Runge identified caffeine. Runge studied chemistry in Jena and Berlin, where he obtained his doctorate. After touring Europe for three years, he taught chemistry at the university of Breslau until 1831. From then until 1852 he worked for a chemical company, but was dismissed by a resentful manager and died fifteen years later in poverty. His chemical work included purine chemistry, the identification of caffeine, the first coal tar dye (aniline blue),〔Runge called aniline blue "Kyanol" (blue-oil). See: * F. F. Runge (1834) ("Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" ) (On some products of coal distillation), ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', 31 : 65–78. * F. F. Runge (1834) ("Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation," ) ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', 31 : 308–328. * F. F. Runge (1834) ("Ueber einige Producte der Steinkohlen-destillation," ) ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', 31 : 513–524.〕 coal tar products (and a large number of substances that derive from coal tar), paper chromatography,〔Runge placed drops of reactant solutions on blotting paper and then added a drop of a second reactant solution on top of the first drop. The solutions would react as they spread through the blotting paper, often producing colored patterns. His results were published in two books: * F. F. Runge, ''Farbenchemie. Musterbilder für Freunde des Schönen und zum Gebrauch für Zeichner, Maler, Verzierer und Zeugdrucker, dargestellt durch chemische Wechselwirkung'' (chemistry. Sample images for friends of beauty and for use by sketchers, painters, decorators, and printers, prepared by chemical interaction ) (Berlin, (Germany): (Self-published), 1850). * F. F. Runge, ''Der Bildungstrieb der Stoffe, veranschaulicht in selbstständig gewachsenen Bilder'' (formative tendency of substances illustrated by autonomously developed images ) (Oranienburg, (Germany): (Self-published), 1855).〕 pyrrole, chinoline, phenol, thymol and atropine. He was the first to notice in 1855 the phenomenon of "Liesegang rings". He observed them in the course of experiments on the precipitation of reagents in blotting paper. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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